Properties
What is it?
International Nonproprietary Name - Atropine Sulfate Composition: 1 ml of solution contains 0.001 g of atropine sulfate; Excipients: Hydrochloric acid, water for injection. Dosage form. Solution for injection. Pharmacotherapeutic group. Anticholinergic drugs. Pharmacological properties. The mechanism of action is due to selective blockade of m-cholino-receptors by atropine (less effect on n-cholino-receptors), as a result of which m-cholino-receptors become insensitive to acetylcholine, which is formed at the endings of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. The ability of atropine to bind to cholino-receptors is explained by the presence of a fragment in its molecule that approximates it to the molecule of the endogenous ligand – acetylcholine. Atropine sulfate reduces the secretion of salivary, bronchial, gastric, and sweat glands, increases the viscosity of bronchial secretions, suppresses the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi, reducing mucociliary transport, accelerates heart rate, improves AV conduction, reduces the tone and peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle organs, reduces the amount and overall acidity of gastric juice (especially with strong cholinergic regulation of secretion), reduces basal and nocturnal gastric juice secretion, less reduces stimulated secretion, significantly dilates the pupil (with possible increase in intraocular pressure). By penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), atropine in therapeutic doses causes accelerated respiration. Indications for use. Atropine sulfate is mainly prescribed as a symptomatic agent for peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, pylorospasm, acute pancreatitis, gallstone disease, cholecystitis, intestinal and urinary tract spasms, bronchial asthma, bradycardia caused by increased vagus nerve tone, to reduce the secretion of salivary, bronchial, gastric, and sweat glands, for radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract (reducing the tone and motor activity of organs). The drug is also used before anesthesia and surgery, and during surgical operations as a means to prevent broncho- and laryngospasm caused by vagus nerve irritation. In addition, atropine is a specific antidote for poisoning with cholinomimetic compounds and anticholinesterase substances (including organophosphorus). Method of administration and dosage. Atropine sulfate is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, orally. In case of poisoning with cholinomimetics and anticholinesterase substances, a 0.1% solution of atropine sulfate is administered intravenously, according to the antidotal therapeutic schemes for these intoxications, taking into account the use of atropine together with cholinesterase reactivators. For adults, the drug is administered orally, 4-13 drops of a 0.1% solution per dose, 1-2 times a day, before meals or 1 hour after meals. Subcutaneously, intravenously, and intramuscularly, 0.5-1 ml of a 0.1% solution is administered. Maximum doses for adults, orally and subcutaneously: single – 0.001 g, daily – 0.003 g. Children in the first 3 months of life are particularly sensitive to atropine. In children, atropine is prescribed in the following doses per 1 kg of body weight: newborns and infants – 0.018 mg (0.018 ml of 0.1% solution); 1-5 years – 0.016 mg (0.016 ml of 0.1% solution); 11-14 years – 0.012 mg (0.012 ml of 0.1% solution)
