Properties
What is it?
International Name - METOCLOPRAMIDE Active Substance: METOCLOPRAMIDE Clinical-Pharmacological Group: Gastrointestinal Motility Stimulant. Composition and Dosage Form: Solution for injection 0.5%: 2 ml in ampoule. 1 amp. Metoclopramide hydrochloride .......... 10 mg Excipients: Sodium pyrosulfite, sodium chloride, water for injection. Pharmacological Properties: Specific blocker of dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT3) receptors, suppresses chemoreceptors in the brainstem trigger zone, reduces sensitivity of visceral nerves transmitting impulses from the pylorus and duodenum to the vomiting center via the hypothalamus and parasympathetic nervous system. Regulates and coordinates the tone and motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract (tone of the lower esophageal sphincter), increases the tone of the stomach and intestines, accelerates gastric emptying, reduces hyperacidic stasis, inhibits pyloric and esophageal reflexes, stimulates intestinal peristalsis, normalizes bile secretion, reduces spasm of the sphincter of Oddi without changing its tone. Prevents biliary dyskinesia. It has no cholinoblocking, antihistamine, antiserotonin, and ganglioblocking effects. It does not affect the tone of cerebral blood vessels, arterial pressure, respiratory function, as well as the liver and kidneys, blood formation, secretion of gastric and pancreatic glands, increases tissue sensitivity to acetylcholine, stimulates prolactin and aldosterone secretion, enhances sodium ion retention and potassium ion excretion. Its effect on the gastrointestinal tract begins within 1-3 minutes after intravenous administration and within 10-15 minutes after intramuscular administration, accelerating gastric emptying and having an antiemetic effect. Metabolized in the liver. The drug is mainly excreted by the kidneys within 24-72 hours (85% of the dose). Easily crosses the placental and blood-brain barriers, and is also excreted in breast milk. Indications: Nausea, vomiting, hiccups of various origins (in some cases effective for post-radiotherapy or post-cytostatic vomiting); Gastric and intestinal atony and hypotonia (partially postoperative); Biliary dyskinesia; Reflux esophagitis; Meteorism; In complex therapy for exacerbations of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. Used to enhance peristalsis during X-ray contrast examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Dosage and Administration: The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly: In adults: 10-20 mg 1-3 times a day (maximum daily dose is 60 mg); In children over 6 years of age: 2.5-5 mg 1-3 times a day; In children aged 2 to 6 years: the daily dose is 0.5-1 mg/kg, 1-3 times a day. For the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by radiotherapy and cytostatic drugs, the drug is administered intravenously at 2 mg/kg 30 minutes before radiotherapy or cytostatic administration. If necessary, repeat administration 2-3 hours later. During X-ray examination in adults, the drug is administered intravenously at 10-20 mg 15-20 minutes before the start of the examination. In patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency, the dose is initially prescribed at half the usual dose, and the subsequent dose depends on the patient's response to metoclopramide. Side Effects: Nervous system: Extrapyramidal disorders - facial muscle spasm, trismus, rhythmic protrusion of the tongue, bulbar type speech, spasm of extraocular muscles, spastic strabismus, opisthotonus, muscle hypertonia, parkinsonism (hyperkinesia, muscle rigidity - manifestation of dopamine-blocking action), the risk of extrapyramidal disorders increases with increasing dose to 0.5 mg/kg/day; (in elderly patients with chronic renal failure) dyskinesia, drowsiness, fatigue, agitation.